Public Health Nursing Practice Exam

Which of the following represents newer health threats in the United States?

1. Diphtheria, cholera, and typhoid fever

2. Polluted air and water

3. HIV, AIDS, and bioterrorism

4. Avian flu and tuberculosis

The correct answer is: HIV, AIDS, and bioterrorism

The selection of HIV, AIDS, and bioterrorism as representing newer health threats in the United States is rooted in the understanding of emerging infectious diseases and threats that have gained prominence in recent decades. HIV and AIDS emerged as significant health concerns starting in the late 20th century, leading to widespread public health initiatives focused on prevention, education, and treatment. The ongoing challenge posed by HIV/AIDS includes addressing new infections, stigma, and access to care, making it a prominent public health issue. Bioterrorism represents a contemporary threat that has evolved with globalization and technological advancements. The potential for biological agents to cause widespread harm has necessitated robust public health strategies to prepare for and respond to these threats. In contrast, conditions like diphtheria, cholera, and typhoid fever are historically significant but have seen substantial declines in incidence due to effective public health measures and vaccination programs. Polluted air and water, while critical health issues, are longstanding environmental hazards rather than newer threats. Lastly, avian flu and tuberculosis, while serious, do not represent the same level of emerging complexity in terms of public health responses and threats posed like HIV/AIDS and bioterrorism. Thus, the focus on HIV, AIDS,